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THE MARE REPRODUCTIVE LOSS SYNDROME (MRLS)
TOBIN GROUP PUBLICATIONS, 2002 - DATE
Critical Papers highlighted in color. Except for
sections #1 and #2, the order of presentation, starting with the ergot alkaloids, is the approximate order in which the hypotheses were pursued.
1/ THE SETAL HYPOTHESIS OF MRLS:
1.1/ Tobin T, Harkins JD, VanMeter PW, Fuller TA: The Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome and the Eastern Tent Caterpillar II: A Toxicokinetic/Clinical Evaluation and A Proposed Pathogenesis: Septic Penetrating Setae; Vol 2, #2
Intern J App Res Vet Med p 142-158, 2004. http://www.jarvm.com/articles/Vol2Iss2/TOBINJARVMVol2No2.pdf
2/ THE AUGUST 2002 MRLS WORKSHOP:
2.1/ Powell DG, Troppmann A, and Tobin T (Eds): Proceedings of the First Workshop on Mare Reproductive Loss
Syndrome. Lexington, KY, 2002. Published 2003 www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/sr/sr2003-1/SR2003-1_intro.pdf
3/ THE ERGOT ALKALOIDS:
The Ergot alkaloids were very early on considered a possible cause of MRLS.
3.1/ Lehner AF, Craig AM, Blythe LL, Tobin T. Fescue Toxicosis Originating from Minor Peptide Alkaloids, in 11th International Symposium of the World Association of Laboratory Diagnosticians, and OIE Seminar on Biotechnology, Nov 9-13th, 2003, Bangkok, Thailand.
3.2/ Lehner AF, Craig AM, Fannin N, Bush L, Tobin T: Fragmentation patterns of selected ergot alkaloids by electrospray ionization tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Manuscript submitted to
J Mass Spec, 2003. [KY Ag Exp Sta #02-14-60].
3.3/ Lehner AF, Meek J, True J, Harkins JD, Karpiesiuk W, Hughes CG, Dirikolu L, Woods WE, Bosken J, Boyles J, Troppmann A, Fannin N, Bush L, Craig AM, Tobin T: Ergot alkaloids screened by HPLC-electrospray[+] tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Manuscript accepted by
J Anal Tox, 2002. [KY Ag Exp Sta #02-14-61].
4/ THE EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR/CYANIDE HYPOTHESIS:
Based on preliminary field investigations of MRLS in May 2001, the close time and place associations between MRLS and the Black Cherry Tree/Eastern Tent Caterpillar system led to the Eastern Tent Caterpillar/Cyanide hypothesis of MRLS.
4.1/ Harkins JD, Dirikolu L, Sebastian M, Hughes C, Crutchfield J, Troppmann A, Boyles J, Webb B, McDowell K, Long W, Henning J, Harrison L, Fitzgerald T, Tobin T: Cherry trees, plant cyanogens, caterpillars and Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome: Toxicological evaluation of a working hypothesis. In Powell DG, Troppmann A, Tobin T (eds),
Proc First Workshop on Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome, Lexington, KY, 2002, pp68-74. [KY Ag Exp Sta # 02-14-167].
4.2/ Hughes CG, Sebastian M, Crutchfield J, Dirikolu L, Harkins JD, Boyles J, Troppmann A, McDowell K, Harrison L, Tobin T: A simple, rapid and highly sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of cyanide in equine biological samples.
Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods 13:129-138, 2003. [KY Ag Exp Sta #02-14-85].
4.3 / Hughes C, Lehner AF, Crutchfield J, Woods WE, Harkins JD, Karpiesiuk W, Dirikolu L, Sebastian M, Troppmann A, Boyles J, Bosken J, Harrison L, Tobin T: Analytical detection and "normal" population data of cyanide and thiocyanate in equine blood and serum. In press,
Proc 14th Int'l Conf Racing Analysts Vets, Orlando, FL, 2002. [KY Ag Exp Sta #02-14-168].
4.4/ Dirikolu L, Sebastian M, Hughes CG, Crutchfield J, Harkins JD, Boyles J, Troppmann A, McDowell K, Harrison L, Tobin T: The toxicokinetics of cyanide and mandelonitrile in the horse and their relevance to the Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome.
Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 13:199-211, 2003. [KY Ag Exp Sta #02-14-86].
4.5/ Tobin T, McDowell K, Hughes CG, Lehner AF, Crutchfield J, Harkins JD, Dirikolu L, Sebastian M, Harrison L, Williams N, Smith R, Webb B, Newman K, Allman R, Dwyer R, Powell D: The Kentucky 2001 Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome: overview and preliminary toxicological approaches. In press,
Proc 14th Int'l Conf Racing Analysts Vets, Orlando, FL, 2002. [Abstract only].
4.6/ Camargo F, Dirikolu L, Sebastian M, Hughes C, Crutchfield J, Harkins JD, Boyles J, Troppmann A, McDowell K, Harrison L, Tobin T: The pharmacokinetics of cyanide and mandelonitrile in the horse and their relevance to the Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome. In press,
Proc 14th Int'l Conf Racing Analysts Vets, Orlando, FL, 2002. [KY Ag Exp Sta #03-14-071].
5/ LABORATORY MODELS OF MRLS:
The 2002 identification of the central role of ETC in MRLS led to attempts to produce a laboratory animal (mouse) model of MRLS
5.1/ Sebastian M, Harkins JD, Jackson C, Fuller T, Trail C, Richter D, Harrison L, and Tobin T: A laboratory animal model of Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome: preliminary evaluation of a mouse model. In Powell DG, Troppman A, Tobin T (eds),
Proc First Workshop on Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome, Lexington, KY, 2002, pp51-53.
6/ THE PROPOSED SETAL PATHOGENESIS OF MRLS:
In July 2002, consideration of the results of the Spring 02 ETC/MRLS experiments and the unusual ocular and cardiac syndromes that are an apparently integral part of MRLS led to the proposed Septic Penetrating Setal Pathogenesis model of MRLS.
6.1/ Tobin T: The Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome: An Ongoing Toxicological/Other Investigation. Presented to the 24th Bain-Fallon Memorial Lectures, Gold Coast, Australia, July, 2002.
6.2/ Tobin T: Summary, Session 5: MRLS and Associated Syndromes: Toxicological Hypotheses. In Powell DG, Troppman A, Tobin T (eds),
Proc First Workshop on Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome, Lexington, KY, 2002, p75.
6.3/ Tobin T: Septic Penetrating Setae/Septic Emboli/Septic Penetrating Setal Emboli (SPS/SE/SPSE): A hypothesis to explain the pathogenesis of the Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome Copyright registered at Library of Congress, June 17, 2003, #TXU1111484.
6.4/ Sebastian MM, Gantz M, Tobin T, Harkins JD, Bosken JM, Hughes CG, Harrison LR, Bernard WV, Richter D and Fitzgerald TD: The Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome and the Eastern Tent Caterpillar: A Toxicokinetic/Statistical Analysis with Clinical, Epidemiological and Mechanistic Implications;
Veterinary Therapeutics, Vol 4, #4 p 324 -339 Winter, 2003.
6.5/ Tobin T, Harkins JD, VanMeter PW, Fuller TA: The Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome II: A Toxicokinetic/Clinical Evaluation and A Proposed Pathogenesis: Septic Penetrating Setae; Vol 2, #2
Intern J App Res Vet Med p 142-158, 2005. http://www.jarvm.com/articles/Vol2Iss2/TOBINJARVMVol2No2.pdf
6.6/ Sebastian M, Williams D, Harrison L, Donahue J, Seahorn T, Slovis N, Richter D, Fuller T, Trail C, Douglas R, Tobin T: Experimentally Induced Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome Late Fetal Losses with Eastern Tent Caterpillars. In Powell DG, Troppman A, Tobin T (eds),
Proc First Workshop on Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome, Lexington, KY, 2002, pp80-81.
6.7/ Gantz MG, Harkins JD, Sebastian M, Bosken J, Hughes CG, Harrison L, Bernard WV, Richter D, Fitzgerald TD and Tobin T: A toxicokinetic/Accelerated Failure Time Analysis of the Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome (MRLS). Presented and in press, 15th Intl Conf Racing Analysts Vets, 2004.
6.8/ Tobin T: Septic Penetrating Setae/Bacteria/Bacterial Emboli/Septic Penetrating Setal Emboli (SPS/B/BE/SPSE): A hypothesis to explain the pathogenesis of Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome. Presented and in press, 15th Intl Conf Racing Analysts Vets, 2004.
6.9/ Sebastian M, Bernard W, Newman K, Harrison L, Tobin T, Donahue J, Vickers ML, and Fitzgerald T; Experimental Induction of mare reproductive loss syndrome with irradiated eastern tent caterpillars to assess whether the primary pathogen is a toxic molecule or a microorganism.
Proceedings of a Workshop on the Equine Placenta., p103-104, held at Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, Kentucky, December 2003, published 2004. (www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/sr/sr2003-1/SR2003-1_intro.pdf)
6.10/ Sebastian M, Giles R, Harrison LR, Donahue J, Vickers ML, Poonacha K, and Tobin T, A unique pattern of placentitis in the mare reproductive loss syndrome. Presented to the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, 2004 Meeting, and fall 04, North Carolina.
6.11/ Flaminio JBF, Nydam DV, Sebastian M, Bernard WB, Tobin T and Hillegas, JM. The Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome and the Eastern Tent Caterpillar: Immunological Testing of Aborting Mares. Submitted for Publication, 2004. [KY Ag Exp Sta #04-14-171].
6.12/ Sebastian M, Bernard WB, Harrisson L, Newman K, Donahue J, Vickers M, Fitzgerald, T Lynn B and Tobin T Irradiated Eastern Tent Caterpilars (ETC) Cause Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome (MRLS). Submitted for Publication, 2004. [KY Ag Exp Sta #00-00-000].
7/ POPULAR PRESS ARTICLES:
7.1/ "Tracking the Source of the Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome" EQUUS, p44-49 January 2005.
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